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常用SQL语句2

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注册: 2008-05-30

2008-06-06 00:16 | 只看楼主

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常用SQL语句2

11、说明：四表联查问题：

select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....

12、说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒

SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5

13、说明：一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页

select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段

14、说明：前10条记录

select top 10 * form table1 where 范围

15、说明：选择在每一组b值相同的数据中对应的a最大的记录的所有信息(类似这样的用法可以用于论坛每月排行榜,每月热销产品分析,按科目成绩排名,等等.)

select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)

16、说明：包括所有在 TableA 中但不在 TableB和TableC 中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表

(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)

17、说明：随机取出10条数据

select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()

18、说明：随机选择记录

select newid()

19、说明：删除重复记录

Delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)

20、说明：列出数据库里所有的表名

select name from sysobjects where type='U'

21、说明：列出表里的所有的

select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')

22、说明：列示type、vender、pcs字段，以type字段排列，case可以方便地实现多重选择，类似select 中的case。

select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type

显示结果：

type vender pcs

电脑 A 1

电脑 A 1

光盘 B 2

光盘 A 2

手机 B 3

手机 C 3

23、说明：初始化表table1

TRUNCATE TABLE table1

24、说明：选择从10到15的记录

select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc

三、技巧

1、1=1，1=2的使用，在SQL语句组合时用的较多

“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选，

如：

if @strWhere !=''

begin

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere

end

else

begin

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']'

end

我们可以直接写成

set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 安定 '+ @strWhere

2、收缩数据库

--重建索引

DBCC REINDEX

DBCC INDEXDEFRAG

--收缩数据和日志

DBCC SHRINKDB

DBCC SHRINKFILE

3、压缩数据库

dbcc shrinkdatabase(dbname)

4、转移数据库给新用户以已存在用户权限

exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one','newname','oldname'

go

5、检查备份集

RESTORE VERIFYONLY from disk='E:\dvbbs.bak'

6、修复数据库

Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USER

GO

DBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCK

GO

Alter DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USER

GO

7、日志清除

SET NOCOUNT ON

DECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,

@MaxMinutes INT,

@NewSize INT

USE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名

Select @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名

@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.

@NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)

-- Setup / initialize

DECLARE @OriginalSize int

Select @OriginalSize = size

FROM sysfiles

Where name = @LogicalFileName

Select 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'

FROM sysfiles

Where name = @LogicalFileName

Create TABLE DummyTrans

(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)

DECLARE @Counter INT,

@StartTime DATETIME,

@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)

Select @StartTime = GETDATE(),

@TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'

DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)

EXEC (@TruncLog)

-- Wrap the log if necessary.

WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expired

AND @OriginalSize = (Select size FROM sysfiles Where name = @LogicalFileName)

AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize

BEGIN -- Outer loop.

Select @Counter = 0

WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))

BEGIN -- update

Insert DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log')

Delete DummyTrans

Select @Counter = @Counter + 1

END

EXEC (@TruncLog)

END

Select 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' +

CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'

FROM sysfiles

Where name = @LogicalFileName

Drop TABLE DummyTrans

SET NOCOUNT OFF

8、说明：更改某个表

exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'

9、存储更改全部表

Create PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch

@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),

@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)

AS

DECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)

DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR

select 'Name' = name,

'Owner' = user_name(uid)

from sysobjects

where user_name(uid)=@OldOwner

order by name

OPEN curObject

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)

BEGIN

if @Owner=@OldOwner

begin

set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name)

exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwner

end

-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwner

FETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @Owner

END

close curObject

deallocate curObject

GO

10、SQL SERVER中直接循环写入数据

declare @i int

set @i=1

while @i<30

begin

insert into test (userid) values(@i)

set @i=@i+1

end

小记存储过程中经常用到的本周，本月，本年函数

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

Dateadd(mm,datediff(mm,0,getdate()),0)

Dateadd(ms,-3,dateadd(mm,datediff(m,0,getdate())+1,0))

Dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,0,getdate()),0)

Dateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))

上面的SQL代码只是一个时间段

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)

Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

就是表示本周时间段.

下面的SQL的条件部分,就是查询时间段在本周范围内的:

Where Time BETWEEN Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1) AND Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

而在存储过程中

select @begintime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),-1)

select @endtime = Dateadd(wk,datediff(wk,0,getdate()),6)

admin dnnme 组别:管理员性别: 生日:1985-4-1 来自:北京积分:226 帖子:185 注册: 2008-05-22	2008-06-06 22:06 \| 树型\| 收藏\| 小中大 2 回复：常用SQL语句2

laihming 组别:新手上路性别: 来自: 积分:10 帖子:10 注册: 2008-06-11	2008-07-28 11:02 \| 树型\| 收藏\| 小中大 3 回复：常用SQL语句2 不错！学习了！本周时间刚好现在用的着，谢谢了！

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